DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF THE THRESHING PERFORMANCE OF A MULTICROP THRESHER
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Excerpt from the Study
The IAR multicrop thresher was modified and reconstructed at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University; to increase its threshing performance for Millet and Soybean crops. The performance of the machine was evaluated, mathematical models for predicting its threshing efficiency, threshing loss and output capacity were developed and the machine was optimized for both crops. Based on the result of this study the following conclusions were made: i. The materials used for construction of the machine components were durable and resilient as the stress imposed by the stems of bulky crops on the threshing cylinder of the existing IAR Soybean/Multicrop threshers causing it to slow down or even stop was not noticed in the modified machine during performance testing. ii. The performance test conducted on the modified machine gave a feed rate, threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, scatter loss, grain damage and output capacity of 14 kg/min, 99.98 %, 99.71 %, 12.18 %, 0.62 %, and 520.6 kg/hr respectively with SOSAT C88 millet variety, as against 3 kg/min, 92 %, 80 %, 2.4 %, 3.5 %, and 81 kg/hr respectively for the existing IAR multicrop thresher when both machines were operated at 20 m/s. With Samsoy-2 Soybean variety the modified machine gave 12 kg/min, 100 %, 97.26 %, 7.25 %, 6 %, and 205 kg/hr respectively, as against 1.7 kg/min, 80 %, 70 %, 2 %, 1.94 %, and 23 kg/hr respectively for the existing IAR soybean thresher when both machines were operated at 20 m/s. iii. The above result indicates that the modifications made on the hopper, threshing cylinder, top sieve, shaker and blower of the existing IAR multicrop thresher has greatly increase feed rate for millet from 3 kg/min to 14 kg/min and output capacity from 81 kg/hr to 520 199 kg/hr, feed rate for soybean from 1.7 kg/min to 12 kg/min and output capacity from 23 kg/hr to 205 kg/hr when the machine was operated at a speed of 20 m/s. Also, threshing and cleaning efficiencies of the machine for both crops were increased. iv. The model developed was accurate and valid for predicting the threshing efficiency of the machine. This was confirmed by low values for Standard Error, Mean Squared Deviation (MSD), Bias and Root Mean Square Error (< 1 %); and high values for coefficient of determination (r2 = 0.73) and coefficient of efficiency (E = 0.53). v. The optimum threshing efficiency, cleaning efficiency, scatter loss, grain damage and output capacity obtained was 99.7 %, 97.4 %, 11.2 %, 0.02 %, and 420 kg/hr respectively with SOSAT C88 millet variety at a cylinder speed, feed rate and moisture content of 18.7 m/s (850 rpm), 12 kg/min and 11.9 % respectively; and 100 %, 92.5 %, 4.7 %, 0.3 %, and 163 kg/hr respectively with Samsoy-2 Soybean variety at a cylinder speed, feed rate and moisture content of 18.7 m/s (850 rpm), 10 kg/min and 12.2 % respectively. vi. Developing this multicrop thresher has cut down the cost of purchasing separate machine for each crop. As its cost of production is closer to the cost of producing several single crop threshers. It has also solved the problem of threshing bulky crops such as soybean and millet manually by farmers.
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